Secure Routing Protocols Comparison Analysis Between RNBR, SAA, A-UPK

The advent of wireless communications and the development of mobile devices have made great strides in the development of roaming communications. The MANET mobile network was developed with the ability for mobile devices to quickly self-configure and extend wireless coverage without infrastructure support. Security is one of the most important areas of research and plays a vital role in determining the success of personal and commercial telephone systems.Therefore, this study focuses on systematically examining MANET security and accountability issues and analyzing the performance of solutions proposed by three different design approaches to security systems.First, it provides an approach for identifying trusted nodes employing the proposed RNBR method for secure routing.it provides a Self-Assured Assessment (SAA) method to estimate node stability. Its main goal is to contribute to a self-assessment-based reliability assessment mechanism that provides a reliable and reliable pathway.it provides a new authentication method to prevent forgery attacks. It supports authentication mechanisms to prevent RF attacks and ensure secure routing development.The main Objective of this paper is compare to packet delivery Ratio ,Control Overhead, Packet Drop Ratio in different secure RNBR,SAA,A-UPK Routing Protocols in MANETS

REVIEW OF THE PROVISION FRAUD DETECTION FOR MOBILE APPLICATIONS

Today everyone uses smartphone. There is a need for different applications to be installed on smartphones. To download the application user's smartphone to visit the app store and Google Play Store, the Apple store, etc. When the user visited the store to play, then he or she is able to see a list of different applications. This list has been built on the basis of promotion or advertising. The user has no knowledge about the application (ie, applications that are useful or useless). So it seems user applications download list and especially on the first page of the store. But sometimes it happens that the downloaded application does not work or is not useful. This means that fraud is on the list of mobile applications. To avoid this fraud, we do our application we're going to the application list. For a list of the first application that we will find in the active period for the main session call. We are also investing three types of tests: A Guide ranking is based, evidence-based review of the vote and based on evidence. Using these three guides mounted on the end calculate this evidence. We assess our application with data collected in the real world store format playing for a long period of time

Draft genome sequence of Sclerospora graminicola, the pearl millet downy mildew pathogen:Genome sequence of pearl millet downy mildew pathogen

Sclerospora graminicola pathogen is one of the most important biotic production constraints of pearl millet worldwide. We report a de novo whole genome assembly and analysis of pathotype 1. The draft genome assembly contained 299,901,251 bp with 65,404 genes. Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], is an important crop of the semi-arid and arid regions of the world. It is capable of growing in harsh and marginal environments with highest degree of tolerance to drought and heat among cereals (1). Downy mildew is the most devastating disease of pearl millet caused by Sclerospora graminicola (sacc. Schroet), particularly on genetically uniform hybrids. Estimated annual grain yield loss due to downy mildew is approximately 10?80 % (2-7). Pathotype 1 has been reported to be the highly virulent pathotype of Sclerospora graminicola in India (8). We report a de novo whole genome assembly and analysis of Sclerospora graminicola pathotype 1 from India. A susceptible pearl millet genotype Tift 23D2B1P1-P5 was used for obtaining single-zoospore isolates from the original oosporic sample. The library for whole genome sequencing was prepared according to the instructions by NEB ultra DNA library kit for Illumina (New England Biolabs, USA). The libraries were normalised, pooled and sequenced on Illumina HiSeq 2500 (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) platform at 2 x100 bp length. Mate pair (MP) libraries were prepared using the Nextera mate pair library preparation kit (Illumina Inc., USA). 1 ?g of Genomic DNA was subject to tagmentation and was followed by strand displacement. Size selection tagmented/strand displaced DNA was carried out using AmpureXP beads. The libraries were validated using an Agilent Bioanalyser using DNA HS chip. The libraries were normalised, pooled and sequenced on Illumina MiSeq (Illumina Inc., USA) platform at 2 x300 bp length. The whole genome sequencing was performed by sequencing of 7.38 Gb with 73,889,924 paired end reads from paired end library, and 1.15 Gb with 3,851,788 reads from mate pair library generated from Illumina HiSeq2500 and Illumina MiSeq, respectively. The sequences were assembled using various assemblers like ABySS, MaSuRCA, Velvet, SOAPdenovo2, and ALLPATHS-LG. The assembly generated by MaSuRCA (9) algorithm was observed superior over other algorithms and hence used for scaffolding using SSPACE. Assembled draft genome sequence of S. graminicola pathotype 1 was 299,901,251 bp long, with a 47.2 % GC content consisting of 26,786 scaffolds with N50 of 17,909 bp with longest scaffold size of 238,843 bp. The overall coverage was 40X. The draft genome sequence was used for gene prediction using AUGUSTUS. The completeness of the assembly was investigated using CEGMA and revealed 92.74% proteins completely present and 95.56% proteins partially present, while BUSCO fungal dataset indicated 64.9% complete, 12.4% fragmented, 22.7% missing out of 290 BUSCO groups. A total of 52,285 predicted genes were annotated using BLASTX and 38,120 genes were observed with significant BLASTX match. Repetitive element analysis in the assembly revealed 8,196 simple repeats, 1,058 low complexity repeats and 5,562 dinucleotide to hexanucleotide microsatellite repeats.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Production of transgenic local rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) for improved drought tolerance using Agrobacterium mediated transformation

Rice being the staple food of middle and south India, there is an extensive research undertaken in protecting the species and improving the quality and yield. Several recombinations have been made to the rice genome to impart various qualities which lack in the pure breed. Oryza faces various natural stress, like temperature variance, high salinity, etc., drought is one of the major parameters affecting the growth and yield of the plant. Transgenic rice cultivars can be generated for drought tolerance using the Agrobacterium mediated transformations. The current work aims to impart the gene for drought tolerance in Oryza sativa L. using Agrobacterium mediated transformation. The gene targeted in this context is dehydration response element binding factors (DREB). DREB plays a major role in response to drought mediated stress. Sambha mahsuri (Indica type) and Cotton dora sannalu (Indica type) the two local cultivars have been transformed for the gene AtDREB1A under 35s CaMV promoters (pBIH binary vector) for which the vector used was Agrobacterium. The target plant tissue being used was calli. Optimization of the parameters was performed for a lethal dose of hygromycin, cefotaxime level, and acetosyringone level. PCR amplification was used for the confirmation of the transgenic (T0) species in which 23% and 18% for Sambha mahsuri and Cotton dora sannalu, respectively. Southern blotting was performed for the genomic DNA. Normal growth was shown by the T1 transgenic plants whose expression was confirmed by RT-PCR. The T1 transgenic plants showed good tolerance to drought mediated stress for a total period of one and a half week under greenhouse condition. The study can be concluded by producing a potentially successful drought resistance T1 species produced using Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Keywords: Agrobacterium mediated transformation, Constitutive promoter, Dehydration responsive element, Drought tolerance, Hygromycin, Cefotaxime, Acetosyringone, PCR amplificatio

Genetic transformation of indica rice varieties involving Am-SOD gene for improved abiotic stress tolerance

Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation has become an important tool in crops for molecular breeding. Am-SOD quality containing transgenic plants were created from embryogenic calli of Sambha mahsuri and cotton sannalu by Agrobacterium tumifaciens co-development. The superoxide desmutase quality was housed responsible for CaMV 355 promoter and Nos polyadenylation motion in double vector pCAMBIA 1301. Good change productivity was gotten. Mix of quality at genome level in the plants was exhibited by PCR examination and Southern smear, and furthermore delineated by a few physiological studies. Keywords: Agrobacterium, SOD quality, β-Glucouronidase, PC

A Low-Cost Underground Mining and Miners Monitoring System Using Internet of Things

The safety of mine workers is a serious worry nowadays. the miners construct underground rooms to facilitate the minerals to be taken out of the mine at work in, which requires greater output and a larger workforce. In underground mining work locations, 2753 injuries were reported as non-fatal lost- time, resulting in 190,005 lost workdays. The main aim of this proposed system is to save workers from sudden falling and detect the toxic gases present in the mining area. Using the IOT technology, we created a system with different types of sensors to solve these issues. We used flame sensor, temperature and humidity sensor and Gas sensor, to detect the toxic gas environment inside the mining and detect the fire burst inside mining in the first module. Accelerometer sensor is used to detect the falling of the worker and the pulse sensor is used to detect the heartbeat of the worker in the second module. We have created the two modules where one module is for miners monitoring and another is for mining monitoring All these sensors are integrated with the NodeMCU. All the obtained data is sent to thingspeak cloud and if any abnormality is detected we will receive a notification through email using alert API